Isoamyl alcohol
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| Preferred IUPAC name
3-Methylbutan-1-ol | |
| Other names
3-Methyl-1-butanol Isopentyl alcohol Isopentanol Isobutylcarbinol | |
| Identifiers | |
123-51-3  | |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:15837 |
| ChEMBL | ChEMBL372396 |
| ChemSpider | 29000 |
| DrugBank | DB02296 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.004.213 |
| KEGG | C07328 |
| PubChem | 31260 |
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| Properties | |
| C5H12O | |
| Molar mass | 88.148 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear, colorless liquid |
| Odor | disagreeable[2] |
| Density | 0.8104 g/cm3 at 20 °C |
| Melting point | −117[3][2] °C (−179 °F; 156 K) |
| Boiling point | 131.1 °C (268.0 °F; 404.2 K) |
| slightly soluble, 28 g/L | |
| Solubility | very soluble in acetone, diethyl ether, ethanol |
| Vapor pressure | 28 mmHg (20°C)[2] |
| Viscosity | 3.692 mPa·s |
| Thermochemistry | |
| 2.382 J·g−1·K−1 | |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH |
-356.4 kJ·mol−1 (liquid) -300.7 kJ·mol−1 (gas) |
| Hazards | |
| Flash point | 43 °C (109 °F; 316 K) |
| 350 °C (662 °F; 623 K) | |
| Explosive limits | 1.2 – 9% |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
| LD50 (median dose) |
3438 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) 1300 mg/kg (rat, oral)[4] |
| US health exposure limits (NIOSH): | |
| PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3)[2] |
| REL (Recommended) |
TWA 100 ppm (360 mg/m3) ST 125 ppm (450 mg/m3)[2] |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) |
500 ppm[2] |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
verify (what is  ?) | |
| Infobox references | |
Isoamyl alcohol (also known as isopentyl alcohol) is a clear, colorless alcohol with the formula (CH3)2CHCH2CH2OH. It is one of several isomers of amyl alcohol. It is a main ingredient in the production of banana oil, an ester found in nature and also produced as a flavouring in industry. It is also the main ingredient of Kovac's reagent, used for the bacterial diagnostic indole test.
It is also used as an antifoaming agent in the Chloroform:Isomyl Alcohol reagent.[5]
Isoamyl alcohol is used in a phenol–chloroform extraction mixed with the chloroform to further inhibit RNase activity and prevent solubility of RNAs with long tracts of poly-adenine.[6]
It is one of the components of the aroma of Tuber melanosporum, the black truffle. It has been identified as a chemical in the pheromone used by hornets to attract other members of the hive to attack.
References
- ↑ Lide, David R., ed. (1998). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. pp. 3–374, 5–42, 6–188, 8–102, 15–22. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 "NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards #0348". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ↑ Straka, M.; van Genderen, A.; Růžička, K.; Růžička, V. Heat Capacities in the Solid and in the Liquid Phase of Isomeric Pentanols. J. Chem. Eng. Data 2007, 52, 794-802.
- ↑ "Isoamyl alcohol". Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
- ↑ Zumbo, P. "Phenol-chloroform Extraction" (PDF). WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE P. ZUMBO LABORATORY OF CHRISTOPHER E. MASON, PH.D. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
- ↑ Green, Michael; Sambrook, Joseph. "Purification of Nucleic Acids: Extraction with Phenol-Chloroform". Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press. ISBN 1936113422.