Gould, Arkansas

Gould, Arkansas
City
Gould water tower
Location in Lincoln County and the state of Arkansas
Coordinates: 33°59′9″N 91°33′42″W / 33.98583°N 91.56167°W / 33.98583; -91.56167Coordinates: 33°59′9″N 91°33′42″W / 33.98583°N 91.56167°W / 33.98583; -91.56167
Country	United States
State	Arkansas
County	Lincoln
Area
• Total	1.5 sq mi (4 km2)
• Land	1.5 sq mi (4 km2)
• Water	0 sq mi (0 km2)
Elevation	164 ft (50 m)
Population (2000)
• Total	1,305
• Density	870/sq mi (326.3/km2)
Time zone	Central (CST) (UTC-6)
• Summer (DST)	CDT (UTC-5)
ZIP code	71643
Area code(s)	870
FIPS code	05-27730
GNIS feature ID	0077045

Gould is a city in Lincoln County, Arkansas, United States. Its population was 1,305 at the 2000 U.S. census. It is included in the Pine Bluff, Arkansas Metropolitan Statistical Area. Gould is a farming community.^[1] It was named after the American railroad magnate Jay Gould.^[2]

Geography

Gould is located at 33°59′9″N 91°33′42″W / 33.98583°N 91.56167°W / 33.98583; -91.56167 (33.985920, -91.561578).^[3]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 1.5 square miles (3.9 km²), all of it land. It sits near the western edge of the Arkansas Delta in the Delta Lowlands sub-region.

Gould is about 70 miles (110 km) southeast of Little Rock.^[1] The area is in proximity to the Cummins Unit state prison,^[4] as well as the Varner Unit state prison.^[5]

Demographics

As of the census^[9] of 2000, there were 1,305 people, 498 households, and 340 families residing in the city. The population density was 844.4 people per square mile (325.1/km²). There were 602 housing units at an average density of 389.5/sq mi (150.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 20.23% White, 78.01% Black or African American, 0.38% Native American, 0.08% Asian, 0.77% from other races, and 0.54% from two or more races. 1.07% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

There were 498 households out of which 32.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 30.9% were married couples living together, 32.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.7% were non-families. 28.3% of all households were made up of individuals and 15.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.17.

In the city the population was spread out with 31.9% under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 22.2% from 25 to 44, 20.3% from 45 to 64, and 15.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females there were 79.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 70.6 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $19,031, and the median income for a family was $24,028. Males had a median income of $25,833 versus $18,583 for females. The per capita income for the city was $11,881. About 28.0% of families and 35.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 42.9% of those under age 18 and 33.6% of those age 65 or over.

Government and infrastructure

Local government

As of 2011 Earnest Nash, Jr. is the Mayor of Gould. He is a member of the Gould Citizens Advisory Council, a political group.^[1]

Around 2011 Gould had almost $300,000 ($316109.47 when adjusted for inflation) in unpaid taxes. The mayor, the group, and the city council experienced conflict over how to pay the taxes. The council believed that the citizen's group was trying to take too much influence in the city government. In June 2011 the council passed an ordinance saying that it is illegal to form any group without the permission of the city council. The mayor vetoed the law. On July 12, 2011, the council overrode the veto. The council also overrode a veto on a bill stating that the citizen's council may no longer exist and that the mayor may not meet with any organization in any location inside or outside the Gould city limits without the permission of the city council. The mayor stated that he refuses to stop meeting with groups, and that he would go to jail if given the choice between going to jail or not associating with the group. Nash said that the ordinances were not allowed under the U.S. Constitution and that Gould citizens are generally ignoring them. On Monday, July 18, 2011, Sonya Farley, a council member, said that the council plans to rewrite the ordinances in a manner that is constitutional.^[1] In August 2011 the city council repealed the ordinances.^[10]

Donna Terrell, a reporter at KLRT-TV Fox 16 News of Little Rock, Arkansas, said "You’ve got to be kidding me" when she heard about the ordinances.^[1] Terrell added that in communities "where everyone knows everyone" political conflict became very severe.^[1] Mark Hayes, the general counsel of the Arkansas Municipal League, said "I’ve seen some humdingers, but never any ordinance like this."^[1] Robbie Brown of The New York Times said that the ordinances are an indicator that Gould's politics had become "nasty".^[1] Brown added that legal scholars said that the law forbidding the formation of groups without the city council's permission was blatantly unconstitutional.^[1]

On July 28, 2011 a man assaulted Nash, who accused his assailant of being allied with his political opponents.^[11] On Wednesday August 20, 2011, the two men were arrested in connection with the assault.^[12] One individual was originally charged with a felony but in April 2012 the charges were downgraded to a misdemeanor, and the other individual had his criminal charges dismissed.^[13]

Federal representation

The United States Postal Service operates the Gould Post Office.^[14]

Education

The Dumas Public School District serves Gould. Previously the Gould School District served Gould.^[15] In 2004 the Arkansas Legislature approved a law that forced school districts with fewer than 350 students apiece to consolidate with other districts. As a result,^[16] on July 1, 2004, the Gould district merged into the Dumas district.^[15] In the fall of 2005 the district planned to move all Gould students in grades 7-12 to the Dumas schools, and considered doing the same to the elementary school students from Gould.^[16]

Bankruptcy

In 2008 the town declared Chapter 9 bankruptcy.^[17][18]

Notable residents

• Cleo Miller - Retired running back for the Kansas City Chiefs and the Cleveland Browns, was born in Gould.^[19]
• Ozell Sutton - Civil Rights activist, was born near Gould on a plantation.^[20]

References

Municipalities and communities of Lincoln County, Arkansas, United States
County seat: Star City
Cities	Gould Grady Star City
Unincorporated communities	Calhoun Relfs Bluff Varner Yorktown