1606

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1606 (MDCVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (dominical letter A) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E) of the Julian calendar, the 1606th year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 606th year of the 2nd millennium, the 6th year of the 17th century, and the 7th year of the 1600s decade. As of the start of 1606, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918.

Events

January–June

• January 26 – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers the Pitcairn Islands.
• January 27 – Gunpowder Plot: The trial of Guy Fawkes and other conspirators for plotting against Parliament and James I of England begins.
• January 31 – Guy Fawkes is executed.
• February 9 – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers Mehetia.
• February 12 – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers Tauere atoll.
• February 26 – Dutch navigator Willem Janszoon makes the first confirmed sighting of Australia by a European.
• March – The Duke of York's ship Duyfken, under Captain Willem Janszoon, explores the western coast of Cape York Peninsula.^[1]
• March 19 – Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, in the Fortezza Vecchia Chapel of Saint Francesco, elevates Livorno to the rank of city.
• April 10 – Charter of 1606: The First Charter of Virginia is adopted, by which King James I of England grants rights to the Virginia Company (comprising the London Company and Plymouth Company) to settle parts of the east coast of North America.
• April 12 – First version of the Union Flag created,^[2] to be worn as a national flag by English and Scots ships.
• May – Pedro Fernandes de Queirós discovers the islands of Vanuatu; believing them to be Australia, he names them La Austrialia del Espiritu Santo.^[3]
• May 17 – Supporters of Vasili Shuisky invade the Kremlin and kill Tsar Dimitri II of Russia.

July–December

• August (approx.) – Possible first performance of William Shakespeare's tragedy Macbeth in London.^[4][5]
• August 14 – A Dutch fleet is defeated by the Portuguese in the Battle of Cape Rachado.
• October – Luís Vaz de Torres is the first European to sail through the Torres Strait.
• November 11 – Peace of Zsitvatorok between the Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires. The independence of Transylvania is recognized by both sides and Austria's annual tribute to the Ottomans is abolished.

Date unknown

• A storm buries the village of St Ismail near modern-day Kidwelly, Carmarthenshire, Wales.
• The Jesuit Joannis Stribingius visits Latvia, and describes Latvian mythology.
• The Evangelic Lyceum (Evanjelické lýceum), a Lutheran high school is founded in Bratislava.
• The cryptographic text Steganographia, written by Johannes Trithemius c.1499, is published in Frankfurt.
• Gregor Richter succeeds Martin Möller as the chief pastor of Görlitz.

Edmund Waller born 3 March

John Bulwer born 16 May

Wouter van Twiller born 22 May

Julian Maunoir born 1 October

Hermann Conring born 9 November

Jeanne Mance born 12 November

Births

January–March

• January 4 – (bapt.) Edmund Castell, English orientalist (d. 1685)
• January 9 – William Dugard, English printer (d. 1662)
• January 11 – Judit Rumy, Hungarian noble (d. 1663)
• January 30 – Sir Orlando Bridgeman, 1st Baronet, of Great Lever (d. 1674)
• February 10 – Christine of France, Duchess of Savoy (d. 1663)
• February 12 – John Winthrop the Younger (d. 1676)
• February 13 – John Winthrop, the Younger, Governor of Connecticut (d. 1676)
• February 16 – William White, English politician (d. 1661)
• February 23
  • George Frederick, Prince of Nassau-Siegen, Count of Nassau-Siegen (d. 1674)
  • Richard Lloyd, English politician (d. 1676)
• February 27 – Laurent de La Hyre, French Baroque painter (d. 1656)
• c. February 28 – William Davenant, English poet and playwright (d. 1668)
• March – Henry Pierrepont, 1st Marquess of Dorchester (d. 1680)
• March 3 – Edmund Waller, English poet (d. 1687)
• March 18 – John X of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp, Prince-Bishop of Lübeck (1634–1655) (d. 1655)
• March 20 – Georg von Derfflinger, field marshal in the army of Brandenburg-Prussia (1618–1648) (d. 1695)
• March 25 – Gertrude More, Nun (d. 1633)
• March 27 – Hans Svane (d. 1668)
• March 28 – Jacob Masen, German poet (d. 1681)
• March 30 – Vincentio Reinieri, Italian mathematician and astronomer (d. 1647)

April–June

• April 1 – Ernest Christopher, Count of Rietberg (1625–1640) (d. 1640)
• April 5 – Nicolas Perrot d'Ablancourt, Translator (d. 1664)
• April 6 – Amable de Bourzeys, French writer and academic (d. 1672)
• April 14 – Juliana of Hesse-Darmstadt, Countess of East Frisia (d. 1659)
• May 3
  • Marie de Bourbon, Countess of Soissons, wife of Thomas Francis (d. 1692)
  • Lorenzo Lippi, Italian painter and poet (d. 1665)
• May 6 – John Norton, American divine (d. 1663)
• May 12 – Joachim von Sandrart, German Baroque art-historian and painter (d. 1688)
• May 14 – Agnes of Hesse-Kassel, Princess consort of Anhalt-Dessau (d. 1650)
• May 16 – John Bulwer, British doctor (d. 1656)
• May 17 – Marco Faustini, Italian opera manager (d. 1676)
• May 22 – Wouter van Twiller, Director-General of New Netherland from 1633 until 1638 (d. 1654)
• May 23 – Juan Caramuel y Lobkowitz, Spanish writer (d. 1682)
• May 25 – Saint Charles Garnier, Jesuit missionary (d. 1649)
• June 3 – George Aribert of Anhalt-Dessau, German nobleman (d. 1643)
• June 6 – Pierre Corneille, French author (d. 1684)
• June 16 – Arthur Chichester, 1st Earl of Donegall, Irish peer and soldier (d. 1675)
• June 19 – James Hamilton, 1st Duke of Hamilton, Scottish politician and noble (d. 1649)

July–September

• July 8 – Jean Gamans, German hagiographer (d. 1684)
• July 10 – Corfitz Ulfeldt (d. 1664)
• July 13 – Roland Fréart de Chambray (d. 1676)
• July 15 – Rembrandt, (van Rijn), Dutch painter (d. 1669)
• July 20 – Hans Conrad Werdmüller, Swiss military commander (d. 1674)
• August 13 – Esteban de Aguilar y Zúñiga, Spanish writer (d. 1681)
• August 15 – Giovanna Maria Bonomo, Italian Roman Catholic and beatified nun (d. 1670)
• August 18 – Maria Anna of Spain (d. 1646)
• August 22 – Camille de Neufville de Villeroy, Archbishop of Lyon (d. 1693)
• September 1 – Nicholas Slanning, English politician (d. 1643)
• September 12 – John Spelman, English politician (d. 1663)
• September 18
  • Preben von Ahnen, German-born civil servant and landowner in Norway (d. 1675)
  • Zhang Xianzhong (d. 1647)
• September 22 – Li Zicheng, Chinese rebel (d. 1645)
• September 27 – Richard Busby, English clergyman (d. 1695)
• September 28 – Sir William Drake, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1669)

October–December

• October 1 – Julian Maunoir, French Jesuit priest (d. 1683)
• October 12
  • Robert Barnham, English politician (d. 1685)
  • Christoph Bernhard von Galen (d. 1678)
• October 14 – Joan Maetsuycker, Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1653 to 1678 (d. 1678)
• October 16 – Ottavio Amigoni, Italian painter (d. 1661)
• October 19 – Sir Gerrard Napier, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1673)
• October 20 – Francesco Maria Mancini, Catholic cardinal (d. 1672)
• October 30 – Jean-Jacques Bouchard, 17th-century French writer (d. 1641)
• November 9 – Hermann Conring, German philosopher (d. 1681)
• November 12 – Jeanne Mance, French nurse and settler of New France (d. 1673)
• December 1 – Johann von Hoverbeck, Prussian diplomat (d. 1682)
• December 8 – Nicolò Sagredo, 105th Doge of Venice (d. 1676)
• December 11 – Thomas Nott, English Army officer (d. 1681)
• date unknown
  • Leonard Calvert, governor of Baltimore (d. 1647)
  • Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi, Italian architect and painter (d. 1680)
  • Thomas Harrison, English puritan soldier and Fifth Monarchist (d. 1660)
  • Thomas Herbert, English traveller and historian (d. 1682)
  • John Robartes, 1st Earl of Radnor, English politician (d. 1685)
  • Pierre du Ryer, French dramatist (d. 1658)
  • Tokugawa Tadanaga, Japanese nobleman (d. 1633)
  • Thomas Washbourne, English clergyman and poet (d. 1687)

Deaths

Guy Fawkes died 31 January

Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania died 7 March

Turibius of Mogrovejo died 23 March

Henry Garnet died 3 May

Guru Arjan died 30 May

• January 4 – George Villiers, English knight (b. 1544)
• January 6 – Antonio Fernández de Córdoba y Cardona, Spanish diplomat (b. 1550)
• January 11 – Arnold III, Count of Bentheim-Steinfurt-Tecklenburg-Limburg, Lord of Rheda (b. 1554)
• January 29 – Edward Tyrrell, English politician (b. 1551)
• January 30
  • Thomas Bates, Catholic executed for involvement in UK 1605 Gunpowder plot (b. 1567)
  • Everard Digby, English conspirator (executed) (b. 1578)
  • John Grant, Gunpowder plotter (b. 1570)
  • Robert Wintour, English conspirator (executed) (b. 1565)
• January 31
  • Guy Fawkes, English conspirator (executed) (b. 1570)
  • Robert Keyes, English criminal (b. 1565)
  • Ambrose Rokewood, English conspirator (executed)
  • Thomas Wintour, English conspirator (executed) (b. 1571)
• February 21 – Richard Field, Jesuit (b. 1554)
• March 2 – Martin Moller, German poet and mystic (b. 1547)
• March 6 – Philip of Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, Dutch army commander (b. 1550)
• March 7 – Bogislaw XIII, Duke of Pomerania-Stettin from 1603 to 1606 (b. 1544)
• March 10 – Yaqob, Emperor of Ethiopia (killed in battle)
• March 15 – Balthasar von Dernbach, Prince-Abbot of Fulda (b. 1548)
• March 16 – Gaspar de Zúñiga y Acevedo, Count of Monterrey, Spanish colonial administrator and Viceroy of Mexico (b. 1540)
• March 23
  • Justus Lipsius, Flemish humanist (b. 1547)
  • Turibius of Mogrovejo, Spanish missionary Archbishop of Lima (b. 1538)
  • Saint Turibius de Mongrovejo, Spanish Grand Inquisitioner and missionary Archbishop of Lima (b. 1538)
• March 25 – François de Bar, French scholar (b. 1538)
• April 3 – Charles Blount, 1st Earl of Devon, English politician (b. 1563)
• April 7 – Edward Oldcorne, English martyr (b. 1561)
• April 16 – John Addey, English shipwright (b. 1550)
• May 3 – Henry Garnet, English Jesuit (executed) (b. 1555)
• May 17
  • False Dmitriy I, pretender to the Russian throne (b. 1582)
  • Niccolò Orlandini, Italian Jesuit writer (b. 1554)
• May 22 – José de Sigüenza, Spanish theologian (b. 1544)
• May 30
  • Guru Arjan, Religious leader (b. 1563)
  • Guru Arjan Dev, fifth of the Sikh gurus (executed) (b. 1563)
• July 7 – Christopher, Duke of Brunswick-Harburg, Co-ruler of Brunswick-Lüneburg-Harburg (1603–1606) (b. 1570)
• July 28 – Antonio de Raya Navarrete, Roman Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Cuzco (1594–1606) (b. 1536)
• September 2
  • Carel van Mander, Dutch painter and poet (b. 1548)
  • Karel van Mander (b. 1548)
• September 3 – Juan de Borja y Castro, Spanish noble (b. 1533)
• September 9 – Leonhard Lechner, German composer and music editor (b. 1553)
• September 28 – Nicolaus Taurellus, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1547)
• October 5 – Philippe Desportes, French poet (b. 1546)
• October 8 – Johann VI, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (b. 1536)
• November 8 – Girolamo Mercuriale (b. 1530)
• November 13 – Geronimo Mercuriali, Italian philologist and physician (b. 1530)
• November 16 – Alderano Cybo-Malaspina, Italian nobleman (b. 1552)
• November 20 – (burial date) John Lyly, English writer (b. 1553)
• December 29 – Stephen Bocskay, Hungarian (b. 1557)
• date unknown – Akaza Naoyasu, Japanese nobleman

References