1568

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May 19: Mary, Queen of Scots, is arrested.

Eighty Years' War (The Relief of Leiden).

Year 1568 (MDLXVIII) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 6–January 13 – In the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom the Diet of Torda declares religious freedom firstly in Europe.
• February 17 – Treaty of Adrianople (sometimes called the Peace of Adrianople): The Habsburgs agree to pay tribute to the Ottomans.
• March 23 – The Peace of Longjumeau ends the Second War of Religion in France. Again Catherine de' Medici and Charles IX make substantial concessions to the Huguenots.
• May 2 – Mary, Queen of Scots, escapes from Loch Leven Castle.
• May 13 – Battle of Langside: The forces of Mary, Queen of Scots, are defeated by a confederacy of Scottish Protestants under James Stewart, Earl of Moray, her half-brother.
• May 16 – Mary, Queen of Scots, flees to England.
• May 19 – Queen Elizabeth I of England arrests Mary, Queen of Scots.
• May 23 – Battle of Heiligerlee: Troops under Louis of Nassau, brother of William I of Orange, defeat a smaller loyalist force under the Duke of Arenberg in an attempt to invade the Northern Netherlands. This is effectively the start of the Eighty Years' War.

July–December

• July 21 – Battle of Jemmingen: The main Spanish army of the Duke of Alva utterly defeats Louis of Nassau's invading army in the Northeastern Netherlands.
• August 18 – The Third War of Religion begins in France after an unsuccessful attempt by the Royalists to capture Condé and Coligny, the Huguenot leaders.
• September 23 – Battle of San Juan de Ulúa (Anglo-Spanish War): In the Gulf of Mexico, a Spanish fleet forces English privateers under John Hawkins to end their campaign.
• September 29 – The Swedish king Eric XIV is deposed by his half-brothers John and Charles. John proclaims himself king John III the next day.
• October 5 – William I of Orange invades the southeastern Netherlands.
• October 20 – Battle of Jodoigne. Spanish forces under the Duke of Alva destroy Orange's rearguard. Orange abandons his offensive.

Date unknown

• The Russo-Turkish War in Astrakhan begins.
• Ashikaga Yoshiaki is installed as Shogun, beginning the Azuchi–Momoyama period in Japan.
• Akbar the Great of the Mughal Empire besieges and captures the massive Chittorgarh Fort in northern India.
• Polybius' "The Histories" first translated into English by Christopher Watson.^[1]
• Huguenots besieged Chartres.
• A Spanish expedition under Álvaro de Mendaña de Neira discovers the Solomon Islands

Births

Pope Urban VIII born on April 5

Anna Vasa of Sweden born on May 17

• January 6 – Henri Spondanus, French historian (d. 1643)
• January 14 – Johannes Hartmann, German chemist (d. 1631)
• January 20 – Daniel Cramer, German theologian (d. 1637)
• January 28 – Gustav of Sweden, Swedish prince (d. 1607)
• January 30 – Katharina of Hanau-Lichtenberg, Countess (d. 1636)
• February 2 – Péter Révay, Hungarian historian (d. 1622)
• February 11 – Honoré d'Urfé, French writer (d. 1625)
• March 9 – Aloysius Gonzaga, Italian Jesuit and saint (d. 1591)
• March 16 – Juan Martínez Montañés, Spanish sculptor (d. 1649)
• March 28 – Johannes Polyander, Dutch theologian (d. 1646)
• April 5 – Pope Urban VIII (d. 1644)
• April 17 – George Brooke, English aristocrat (d. 1603)
• April 21 – Frederick II, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (d. 1587)
• April 28 – Teodósio II, Duke of Braganza, Portuguese nobleman and father of João IV of Portugal (d. 1630)
• May 9 – Guglielmo Caccia, Italian painter (d. 1625)
• May 11 – Christian I, Prince of Anhalt-Bernburg, German prince of the House of Ascania (d. 1630)
• May 17 – Anna Vasa of Sweden, Swedish princess (d. 1625)
• May 29 – Virginia de' Medici (d. 1615)
• June 6 – Sophie of Brandenburg, Regent of Saxony (1591–1601) (d. 1622)
• June 25 – Gunilla Bielke, Queen of Sweden (d. 1597)
• July 1 – Philip Sigismund of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, Roman Catholic bishop (d. 1623)
• August 27 – Hercule, Duke of Montbazon (d. 1654)
• September 3 – Adriano Banchieri, Italian composer (d. 1634)
• September 5 – Tommaso Campanella, Italian theologian and poet (d. 1639)
• October 2 – Marino Ghetaldi, Croatian mathematician and physicist (d. 1626)
• October 18 – Henry Wallop, English politician (d. 1642)
• November 18 – Augustus the Elder, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Lutheran Bishop of Ratzeburg (d. 1636)
• December 17 – Jonathan Trelawny, English politician (d. 1604)
• date unknown
  • Nikolaus Ager, French botanist (d. 1634)
  • John Welsh of Ayr, Scottish Presbyterian leader
  • Barnabe Barnes, English poet (d. 1609)
  • Edward Chichester, 1st Viscount Chichester (d. 1648)
  • Nakagawa Hidemasa, Japanese military leader (d. 1592)
  • Fernando de Alva Cortés Ixtlilxóchitl, Mexican historian (d. 1648)
  • Gervase Markham, English poet and writer (d. 1637)
  • Edward Somerset, 4th Earl of Worcester (d. 1628)
  • Henry Wotton, English author and diplomat (d. 1639)
  • Wei Zhongxian, Grand Secretary of China (d. 1627)

Deaths

Albert, Duke of Prussia died on March 20, 1568

• January 15 – Catherine Carey, Chief Lady of the Bedchamber to Elizabeth I of England (b. c. 1526)
• January 20 – Myles Coverdale, English Bible translator (b. c. 1488)
• January 21 – Amato Lusitano, Portuguese physician (b. 1511)
• January 26 – Lady Catherine Grey, Countess of Hertford (b. 1539)
• February 15 – Hendrick van Brederode, Dutch reformer (b. 1531)
• March 20 – Albert, Duke of Prussia (b. 1490)
• May 23 – Jean de Ligne, Duke of Arenberg (b. 1528)
• June 3 – Andrés de Urdaneta, Spanish friar (b. 1498)
• June 5
  • Lamoral, Count of Egmont, Flemish statesman (b. 1522)
  • Philip de Montmorency, Count of Horn (b. c. 1524)
• July 7 – William Turner, British ornithologist and botanist (b. 1508)
• July 24 – Carlos, Prince of Asturias, son of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)
• August 21 – Jean Parisot de Valette, 49th Grandmaster of the Knights Hospitaller (b. 1495)
• August 23 – Thomas Wharton, 1st Baron Wharton (b. 1495)
• September 22 – Jöran Persson, Swedish politician (b. c. 1530) (executed)
• October 3 – Elisabeth of Valois, Queen of Philip II of Spain (b. 1545)
• October 14 – Jacques Arcadelt, Flemish composer (b. 1504)
• October 28 – Ashikaga Yoshihide, Japanese shogun (b. 1538)
• November 6 – Herman of Kazan and Svyazhsk, archbishop of Kazan and later Metropolitan of Moscow
• December 23 – Roger Ascham, tutor of Elizabeth I of England (b. 1515)
• December 31 – Shimazu Tadayoshi, Japanese warlord (b. 1493)
• date unknown
  • Henry Sutton Dudley, English soldier and sailor (b. 1517)
  • Garcia de Orta, Portuguese Jewish physician (b. 1501)
  • Dirk Philips, early Anabaptist writer and theologian
  • Yan Song, Chinese prime minister (b. 1481)

References