Jacques Émile Édouard Brandon

Jacques Émile Édouard Brandon (July 3, 1831 – May 20, 1897) was a French artist who is known especially for his paintings of Jewish themes. He was born in Bordeaux (although some sources list Paris or Lisbon). He signed his paintings "Ed. Brandon," and his full name commonly is given as Jacques Émile Édouard Brandon, but also as Jacob Émile Édouard Péreira Brandon. His father was Elie Péreira-Brandon, a wealthy Parisian art dealer.^[1] He entered the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris on April 5, 1849, and was a student of Antoine Alphonse Montfort (1802–1884), Françoise-Édouard Picot (1786-1868) and Jean-Baptiste-Camille Corot (1796–1875). Brandon and Corot corresponded frequently and remained close throughout Corot's life.^[2]

In 1856 Brandon went to Rome, where he lived until 1863. While there he became acquainted with Edgar Degas (1834–1917), and in later years they collected each other's works.^[3] During his time in Rome his artistic focus was at the church of Santa Brigida on the Piazza Farnese. He decorated a room in which St. Bridget of Sweden (1303–1373) had lived, embellishing it with a variety of paintings and other artworks.^[4] Some of these were exhibited at the Parisian Salons during the 1860s, including The Canonization of St. Bridget in 1861 and The Last Mass of St. Bridget in 1863. He won medals at the Salon in 1865 and 1867.

Scene in a Synagogue (1868–1870), Philadelphia Museum of Art

Brandon was of Sephardic Jewish heritage, and after his return to Paris in 1863 his subject matter shifted largely to Jewish themes. Many of his later paintings featured rabbis and synagogues; one example is Scene in a Synagogue (1868–1870), now in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. At Degas' invitation, Brandon displayed a painting set in a synagogue in the 1874 show that later became known as the first Impressionist exhibition.^[5] Three of the works that Degas entered in that exhibit were owned by Brandon.^[6]

In Paris Brandon worked closely with Irish artist Nathaniel Hone the Younger, who stayed with Brandon at 44, rue du Notre Dame de Lorette.^[7] Others studying under him included Georges de Dramard (1839–1900), Alexis Lemaistre, and Henri Rouart, who was a close friend of Degas.

In 1890 Brandon exhibited 17 pictures at the Champ de Mars Salon in Paris.^[8] Other participants in that show were Puvis de Chavannes, Max Liebermann, and John Singer Sargent.

Brandon died in Paris on May 20, 1897. His personal collection of 176 artworks, including paintings by Corot and Jean-Auguste-Dominque Ingres (1780–1867) was sold on December 13–14, 1897 at the Hôtel Drout.^[9] Léon Roger-Milès (1859–1928) purchased a number of works, some of which are now at the Musée d'art et d'histoire Judaïsme in Paris.^[10]

Works by Brandon are held today at the Spertus Institute for Jewish Learning and Leadership in Chicago,^[11] the Jewish Museum in New York,^[12] the Philadelphia Museum of Art,^[13] the Walters Art Museum ^[14] in Baltimore, MD; the National Portrait Gallery^[15] in London; the National Gallery of Ireland in Dublin; the Musée des Beaux-Arts de Brest in Brest, France; the Palais des Beaux-Arts de Lille in Lille, France; the Musée départemental de l'Oise in Beauvais, France; the Musée d'Art et d'Histoire du Judaïsme in Paris; the Koninklijk Museum voor Schone Kunsten in Antwerp, Belgium; and the Tel Aviv Museum of Art.

References

Notes

Sources

• Balakirsky Katz, Maya. Revising Dreyfus. Leiden, Boston: Brill, 2013.
• Bénézit, Emmanuel. Dictionary of Artists. Paris: Éditions Gründ, 2006.
• Campbell, Julian. The Irish Impressionists: Irish Artists in France and Belgium, 1850-1914. Dublin: National Gallery of Ireland, 1984.
• De Angelis, Maria Antonietta. Santa Brigida. Rome: Istituto Nazionale di Studi Romani, 1991.
• "Brandon (Jacob-Emile-Edouard)." Dictionnaire général des artistes de l'école française. Paris: Libraire Renouard, 1882-1887.
• Dumas, Ann. The Private Collection of Edgar Degas: A Summary Catalogue. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1997.
• Dunlop, Ian. Degas. London: Thames and Hudson, 1979.
• Goldman-Ida, Batsheva, "A Synagogue Interior by Ḗdouard Brandon," Tel Aviv Museum of Art Annual Review 6 (1996-1997): 62-72.
• Goodman, Susan Tumarkin and Richard I. Cohen. The Emergence of Jewish Artists in Nineteenth-Century Europe. New York: Jewish Museum, 2001.
• Gozani, Tal, "Images and Jewish Identity: Three Jewish Artists in Nineteenth-Century France," Judaism 50, no. 3 (Summer 2001): p. 307.
• Johnston, William R. The Nineteenth-Century Paintings in the Walters Art Gallery. Baltimore, MD: Trustees of the Walters Art Gallery, 1982.
• Kleeblatt, Norman. Treasures of the Jewish Museum. New York: Universe Books, 1986.
• Lemoisne, Paul-André. Degas et son oeuvre. Paris: P. Brame, 1947.
• Lobstein, Dominique. "Brandon, Edouard (Jacob-Emile-Edouard-Pereijra)." Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon: Die Bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker. München and Leipzig, K.G. Saur, 1996.
• Robaut, Alfred. L'Oeuvre de Corot. Paris: Leonce Laget, 1965.
• Sohn, Joseph. "Brandon, Jacob Émile Édouard." The Jewish Encyclopedia. New York and London, Funk and Wagnalls, 1907.
• Tableaux, aquarelles, études, dessins par Brandon: Tableaux anciens et modernes, aquarelles et dessins par Bachelier, Corot, E. Delacroix, Ingres, Legros, De Montford, Louillard ... Paris: Hôtel Drouot, 1897.
• Thiers, Adolphe. ""Brandon (Jacob-Emile-Edouard)." La Grande Encyclopédie: Inventaire raisonné des sciences, des lettres et des arts. Paris, H. Lamirault, 1888-1889.